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Research NoteCBDCArchitectureCentral Banking

Architecture Considerations for Wholesale CBDC Systems

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8 min read

Executive Summary

Wholesale CBDC systems require careful consideration of settlement finality, privacy architecture, and interoperability. This analysis examines the trade-offs central banks face when designing these systems.

Settlement Finality

The question of when a transaction becomes final—and what 'final' means in a distributed system—is fundamental to wholesale CBDC design. Different consensus mechanisms offer different finality guarantees with varying performance characteristics. [Detailed analysis continues...]

Interoperability Frameworks

Cross-border settlement requires interoperability between CBDC systems. We examine emerging standards and the architectural patterns that support multi-system settlement. [Analysis continues...]

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